Skip to content
counselcitecounselcite
    • StudentsFree for students. We've all been there.
    • Law firmsCheck a document before it is filed.
    • GovernmentFor courts, agencies and public defenders.
  • Case checker
  • Format checker
  • Pricing
  • About
  • Blog
Sign inCheck a document
  • Students
  • Law firms
  • Government
  • Case checker
  • Format checker
  • Pricing
  • About
  • Blog
  • Sign in
  • Check a document
counselcitecounselcite

Citation review for court filings and law-review articles, checked against the Bluebook and the public court record.

Product

  • Check a document
  • Case citation checker
  • Pricing
  • How it works
  • Case record
  • Rule library

Who it's for

  • Students
  • Law firms
  • Courts and agencies

Company

  • About
  • Blog
  • Contact

Legal

  • Terms of service
  • Privacy policy
  • Security

© 2026 Counselcite. Not affiliated with the Bluebook or its publishers.

Bluebook is a registered trademark of the Columbia Law Review Association, the Harvard Law Review Association, the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, and The Yale Law Journal.

Citation rules/Structure and signals/1.2 Introductory Signals

Add the comma before “with”

Warning2Federal courts, Illinois courts21st and 22nd editions

In “Compare X, with Y” the comma in front of “with” is part of the signal, as is the comma before any “and” that adds an authority.1

Check a document
  1. 1R. 1.2(b) Signal that suggests a useful comparison or contrast. Tables: B1.2 Introductory Signals.
  2. 2A warning: the form is usually wrong under the rule in note 1, and context can justify it.
PreviousAdd the comma before “e.g.”NextRemove “but” after a negative signal

More in 1.2 Introductory Signals

  1. Add an explanatory parenthetical
  2. Add an explanatory parenthetical
  3. Add the “with” half of the comparison
  4. Add the “with” half of the contrast
  5. Add the comma after “e.g.”
  6. Add the comma before “e.g.”
  7. Add the comma before “with”
  8. Remove “but” after a negative signal
  9. Remove the comma after the signal

Back to Structure and signals

More in 1.2 Introductory Signals

  1. Add an explanatory parenthetical
  2. Add an explanatory parenthetical
  3. Add the “with” half of the comparison
  4. Add the “with” half of the contrast
  5. Add the comma after “e.g.”
  6. Add the comma before “e.g.”
  7. Add the comma before “with”
  8. Remove “but” after a negative signal
  9. Remove the comma after the signal

Back to Structure and signals

Sign inCheck a document
  • Sign in
  • Check a document