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Citation rules/Short forms and id./4.1 “Id.”

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Error2Federal courts, Illinois courts21st and 22nd editions

“Id.” repeats the authority cited immediately before it, so the first reference to an authority is given in full instead.1

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  1. 1R. 4.1 “Id.”; B4 Short Citation Forms; B15.2 Short Form Citation; B16.2 Short Form Citation; B17.2 Short Form Citation; B18.2 Short Form Citation. Tables: R. 16.9(a) Id; R. 23.12 Short Citation Forms.
  2. 2An error: the rule in note 1 allows one form, and this is not it.
NextRemove the cross-reference or the “id.”

More in Short forms and id.

  1. Add “supra” after the short name
  2. Add a “hereinafter” short form
  3. Add a comma after the note number
  4. Add the full citation
  5. Remove the cross-reference or the “id.”
  6. Use “id.” as the short form
  7. Use a short form naming the authority
  8. Use a short form that names the authority
  9. Use plain punctuation after “Id.”

Back to Short forms and id.

More in Short forms and id.

  1. Add “supra” after the short name
  2. Add a “hereinafter” short form
  3. Add a comma after the note number
  4. Add the full citation
  5. Remove the cross-reference or the “id.”
  6. Use “id.” as the short form
  7. Use a short form naming the authority
  8. Use a short form that names the authority
  9. Use plain punctuation after “Id.”

Back to Short forms and id.

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