Skip to content
counselcitecounselcite
    • StudentsFree for students. We've all been there.
    • Law firmsCheck a document before it is filed.
    • GovernmentFor courts, agencies and public defenders.
  • Case checker
  • Format checker
  • Pricing
  • About
  • Blog
Sign inCheck a document
  • Students
  • Law firms
  • Government
  • Case checker
  • Format checker
  • Pricing
  • About
  • Blog
  • Sign in
  • Check a document
counselcitecounselcite

Citation review for court filings and law-review articles, checked against the Bluebook and the public court record.

Product

  • Check a document
  • Case citation checker
  • Pricing
  • How it works
  • Case record
  • Rule library

Who it's for

  • Students
  • Law firms
  • Courts and agencies

Company

  • About
  • Blog
  • Contact

Legal

  • Terms of service
  • Privacy policy
  • Security

© 2026 Counselcite. Not affiliated with the Bluebook or its publishers.

Bluebook is a registered trademark of the Columbia Law Review Association, the Harvard Law Review Association, the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, and The Yale Law Journal.

Citation rules/Periodicals/16.9 Short Citation Forms

Use a short form

Style note2Federal courts, Illinois courts21st and 22nd editions

Once an article has been cited in full, later references to it use “id.” or the author's surname with “supra” rather than the whole citation again.1

Check a document
  1. 1R. 16.9 Short Citation Forms; B16.2 Short Form Citation. Tables: R. 4.1 “Id.”; R. 4.2(a) “Supra.”.
  2. 2A style note: the rule in note 1 allows both forms and prefers one.
PreviousUse “id.” for the note aboveNextUse the author's last name

More in Periodicals

  1. Abbreviate the periodical's name
  2. Add the first page of the work
  3. Remove italics inside the article's title
  4. Remove italics outside the article's title
  5. Use “id.” for the note above
  6. Use a short form
  7. Use small caps for the periodical name
  8. Use the author's last name
  9. Use the registered short form

Back to Periodicals

More in Periodicals

  1. Abbreviate the periodical's name
  2. Add the first page of the work
  3. Remove italics inside the article's title
  4. Remove italics outside the article's title
  5. Use “id.” for the note above
  6. Use a short form
  7. Use small caps for the periodical name
  8. Use the author's last name
  9. Use the registered short form

Back to Periodicals

Sign inCheck a document
  • Sign in
  • Check a document